SAVE THE SAN

NEWS 2004

Oppenheimer mum on plans, while Botswana Bushmen Fight Eviction

"We will accept nothing less than human rights.We will know them and claim them, For all women, men, youth and children, From those who speak human rights, But deny them to their own people."

- Shulamith Koenig, PDHRE -

THE SAN are the aboriginal people of Southern Africa.
Their distinct hunter-gatherer culture stretches back over 20 000 years, and their genetic origins reach back over one million years. Recent research indicates that the San are the oldest genetic stock of contemporary humanity. TEN thousand years ago their exclussive domain stretched from the Zambezi to the Cape of Good Hope, from the Atlantic tothe Indian Oceans.
THREE hundred years ago European colonists called them "untameable". Now southern Africa's 110,000 remaining San face cultural extinction, living lives of poverty on the outer edges of society. Today they struggle to win back a foothold, along with their pride, in the lands they once roamed freely. (ex www.san.org )

Politics since independence have been dominated by the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), which has won every general election with a large majority. In the general election of 1994 – won by the BDP – for the first time a strong opposition party emerged: the Botswana National Front.
But also this opposition party has not (yet?) come to the rescue of their fellow citizen, the san-speaking first people of Botswana, the Gana, Khwe in Botswana, where the are called Basarwa. The next election is just around the corner, if one can believe what was stated by the Botswana Government. But if the Tswana-President can alter the constitution to get his way with the Bushmen then it canbe predicted that he also will "manage" the next election.

Botswana - internal strife

The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) currently led by President Festus Mogae, has been in power since independence in 1966.

The four opposition parties have constantly been plagued by internal strife and rifts, weakening them and ensuring victory for the ruling party.

The cracks are already showing in the coalition formed between the Botswana Congress Party, the Botswana Alliance Movement and the Botswana People's Party.

The BDP is in with a good chance to sweep the general election, for which a final date has not been announced as yet.

Most of the jockeying is expected to come from possible presidential candidates in the ruling party.

Experts believe Mogae will remain in office for a while following the elections before handing over power to Ian Khama, former commander of the Botswana defence force and eldest son of Sir Seretse Khama, Botswana's first president.

Mogae took over in a similar fashion from former president Khetumile Masire. Thus, it is believed, unnecessary tension and conflict are avoided during the transition and power is transferred in a stable environment.

However the upcomig election might see Mogae to go under in a landslide victory of his
opponents.

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Nicki Oppenheimer, Mogae's strong supporter, - who likes to camouflage himself with green-smokescreen environmental ventures, like the Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre or a recently purchased wildlife sanctuary, the Tswalu Private Desert Reserve, created by the late Stephen Boler, remains mum on the actual further plans of his family businesses, but he was forced to say that now DeBeers would be at least working on a policy concerning indigenous peoples rights.
Still he has - like the Botswana Government - to admit that the San are actually people!
Until the Oppenheimer Family, who is part and parcel to the genocide, which has been comitted against the Bushmen in Southern Africa since the year 1652, comes clean, Nickis' words remain to be mere lip-service. But the Oppenheimers have a chance to prove their change in mind indeed:
How about handing over the 200,000 acres of Southern Kalahari to a band of traditional
San people, whose land it was anyway, and let them be what they were since 40,000 years:
THE NATURAL STEWARDS AND CUSTODIANS OF NATURE !
Thereby a chance to survival would not only be offered to all the wildlife but also to true
humanity and its living original culture.

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SURVIVAL INTERNATIONAL NEWS RELEASE

15 July 2004

DE BEERS BACKTRACKS ON DENIAL OF TRIBAL PEOPLES' RIGHTS

De Beers has this week been backpedalling fast on its refusal to recognise indigenous rights in southern Africa.

De Beers told Survival International in October 2002 that it did not have a policy on indigenous peoples' rights in southern Africa because such a policy would 'head down the path' to 'apartheid'.

Representatives of De Beers attending a presentation by Survival this week to the UK All-Party Parliamentary Group on Botswana denied the October 2002 statement. Also this week, company Chairman Nicky Oppenheimer, asked by Canadian radio whether it was true that De Beers did not support indigenous rights in Africa, said, 'I find that quite amusing,' and suggested the company was working on a policy.

Survival's director Stephen Corry said today, 'De Beers is decades behind international thinking on the rights of tribal peoples. It is not acceptable to pretend they do not exist. Mining company Rio Tinto, for example, recently promised not to mine on the land of the Mirrar Aborigines in Australia without their consent.'

De Beers and its subsidiaries own diamond exploration concessions and licences on the ancestral land of the Gana and Gwi Bushmen in Botswana. The Bushmen were evicted from their land in 2002 and forced to live in bleak resettlement centres where they are reduced to beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes.

For more information contact Miriam Ross on (+44) (0)20 7687 8734

or email mr@survival-international.org

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SURVIVAL INTERNATIONAL NEWS RELEASE

14 July 2004

BOTSWANA:

GOVERNMENT WILL 'CHANGE CONSTITUTION TO GET ITS WAY'

A Botswana government spokesman said yesterday that if it loses the current court case being brought by the Bushmen for the right to return to their land it would 'change the law, or amend the constitution, to get its way.'

The 'senior government source' was quoted in the UK's Daily Telegraph newspaper on 13th July.

248 Bushmen are suing the Botswana government for being forced off their ancestral land in the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. They are asking the court to declare that the government's decision to evict them, and stop providing services such as a water supply, was unlawful and unconstitutional.

Survival's Director Stephen Corry said in response, 'This is extremely disturbing news, with grave overtones for justice throughout all Botswana. What's the point of an independent judiciary if the government simply changes the constitution when it doesn't agree with a judgement? Botswana's image as the 'shining light' of Africa is dimming rapidly.'

For more information contact Miriam Ross on +44 (0)20 7687 8734

or mr@survival-international.org

Please help the Bushmen in their struggle to return to their ancestral lands. Click here for more information: http://www.survival-international.org/bushman_home.htm

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Botswana Bushmen Fight Eviction

BOTSWANA: July 13, 2004

GABORONE - Botswana's Bushmen went to a special court in the Kalahari Desert yesterday to appeal against their eviction from ancestral lands, testing their traditional rights against government plans to modernize the country.

Lawyers for the Bushmen, also known as the Basarwa, said the government violated the constitution when it ordered them out of the Central Kalahari Game Reserve in 2001, saying their lands were too vast to be reached by essential services.
Supporters of the Bushmen, including several international pressure groups, say Botswana's government wants unimpeded access to any mineral and diamond reserves which might be beneath the Kalahari.

But the government says the Bushmen must be better integrated into mainstream society if they are to benefit from education, medical services and job opportunities.

Diamond reserves have helped transform Botswana into one of Africa's most sophisticated economies, with one of the continent's highest per capita incomes and model health and education services.

Authorities set up a special court in the Kalahari to allow more Bushmen to testify. The desert hearings are expected to last until July 30 when the case will move to the High Court's regular seat in Lobatse.

Southern Africa's Bushmen have lived in the region for thousands of years and many still survive as traditional hunters and gatherers in an unforgiving desert environment.

A victory for the Bushmen would give them the right to stay in the Kalahari - an important symbolic advance for Africa's dwindling populations of traditional hunter-gatherers.

About 2,500 Bushmen have been relocated over the past 18 months from the Central Kalahari Game Reserve, located in the middle of huge and sparsely populated Botswana.

Botswana's treatment of the Bushmen has become an international issue with celebrities weighing in and major diamond producer De Beers, which has massive operations in Botswana, coming under pressure.

President Festus Mogae recently suggested his government would pursue the case until the Bushmen are legally barred from the Kalahari.

"This is a very disturbing remark indeed for the head of state of a supposedly democratic government to make about the due process of law inside his own country," said Stephen Corry of Survival International, a British-based organization which has championed the Bushmen's cause.

Story by Barry Baxter
REUTERS NEWS SERVICE

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Are we now selling the family jewels?

QUESTION TIME
PATRICK VANRANSBURG
3/19/2004 12:39:17 AM (GMT +2)

THIS week’s surprise announcement that the Government ordered the sale of half of its shares in Anglo-American, Botswana’s first and biggest sweetheart company, is making waves.

The new South African Daily, THISDAY, yesterday reported speculation that the Government’s move might have had something to do with the Oppenheimer family’s wish to eliminate the cross holdings between Anglo and DeBeers ahead of a buyout of Anglo’s 45% stake in the diamond group.

THISDAY, however, seemed to settle for reports claiming that “the Botswana Government, which has a reputation for sound fiscal management, sold the shares because it is running short of cash as its worsening HIV/AIDS epidemic pushes up state spending”.

We all thought that diamonds would keep the economy flush until they ran out. Has the bubble burst so soon? The Government must surely have been aware that a move of this order would lead to all sorts of speculation, some of which could be damaging, like the above reports quoted in THISDAY.

Given that our Foreign Reserves have reportedly fallen from P41 billion two years ago, to P22 billion at the end of last year, is a reflection of both questionable management of an ailing economy, and of our reserves and our currency.

The press release of DEBSWANA, which held the shares on behalf of the Government, released yesterday, is quoted more fully elsewhere, but in the context of my own observations, I would stress two points: that the Government accessed P760 million for its 6.87 million shares in Anglo American; and that it still held the other half, namely 6.87 million shares, reflecting “Government’s ongoing confidence in the management of Anglo American and that the shares represent a sound investment”.

I would have thought that the Botswana Government itself was more in need of a vote of confidence from monetary authorities and investment analysts, in this situation.

There are two main issues, here. The first is: Why is the Government in need of these funds? The second is: Is this the best way of raising the funds that Government needs?

In earlier columns, I have made the point that Government overspent massively on NDP8, by its own acknowledgement in NDP 9. It is now committed to a 15% increase in civil service salaries starting on April Fool’s day, in two week’s time.

It ís just not on to blame HIV/AIDS and people’s wilful, or frightened, denial and irresponsibility, whichever, however expensive it is, if at the same time Government embarks on vast building projects, while neglecting dangerous roads, as if that is what the country most needs now.

Government has reportedly even bought an existing building in the Government Enclave put up by one of two rival developers, fifteen or so years ago, in which highly placed people have a stake. Apart from anything else, that must be acknowledged publicly, if it is true.

Other massive expenditure, which could have been avoided with unconventional remedial action, was the closure of President Seretse Khama’s dream project, Tirelo Sechaba, resulting in a double flow of students into the arena of further education. The solution chosen was a massive, extraordinarily costly emigration of the problem to the World’s higher learning centres.

The reportedly little used, but massive and costly Gaborone Technical College could have housed a stop-gap expansion of UB as the foundation of a second university or combined arts and engineering campus.

In the face of a cash crisis causing Government to ask parents to pay part of the costs of their children’s education, and the sick to pay more for health care, as well as to sell profitable shares, Government decided to take over training in Brigades instead of more inexpensively reviving BRIDEC and strengthening Brigade management through the NBCC and community based organisations.

At great extra cost, Government is expanding the Daily News, and though there is increasing advertising from the private sector and from all its agencies, it fails to seek payment for the paper.

Even Robert Mugabe makes readers pay for The Herald in Zimbabwe! Can Government afford to let go P65 000, at a Pula an issue, every day, for that number of issues printed and given away, while it pleads financial crisis and, on the other hand, verbally promotes privatisation of Government functions.

Various commentators have suggested different ways in which Government could raise funds, instead of the alarming ‘funkhole’ of selling the family jewels. Had it exhausted the possibility of selling bonds? Why was it going so slowly on the privatisation it espouses in principle?

The Fiscus appears desperate. It is ready to tax educational and other charitable trusts and community based organizations, if it doesn’t like what they’re doing. On 1 March, it started charging all drivers of foreign registered cars R40 for each entry, without much publicity, at least not in the private press. The taxman seems to be going back into deep history to find out if taxpayers might have delayed payment without interest charges in 1977, for example!

Do we have to spend a lot of money on professional publicists to deal with Mr Corry of Survival International? What’s the point of costly Embassies and High Commissions?

The Norwegians went through all this kind of thing with their Saamis and came up with a sensible solution in a Saami representative body, which has solved everyone’s problems, there. But first they had to admit the Saamis were also people!

http://www.mmegi.bw/2004/March/Friday19/2682527051376.html

---------------

SA's Oppenheimer family to launch new business
Wednesday, October 29, 2003 - Web posted at 9:35:20 GMT

JOHANNESBURG - South Africa's Jonathan Oppenheimer said his family would replicate its success with diamond giant De Beers by starting a new business next year.

He gave few details at a dinner on Sunday night of African economic editors, but said the new investments stemmed from a commitment by the family to improve Africa's economy.

"As a family, we are prepared to put up money to pursue that ...

We've done it once, we put up a lot of money to do De Beers.

We'll do it again.

Watch this space," he told the conference.

De Beers, the world's number one diamond firm, is 45 percent owned by mining giant Anglo American plc, but is not listed itself.

The rest of De Beers shares are owned by the Oppenheimer family and the Botswana government.

"My African strategy is a simple one.

It is one of building relationships with like minded individuals to develop long-term growth strategies.

It's one of investing our family's money alongside other like-minded people in creating the infrastructure and the capacities necessary to realise Africa's potential," he said.

Oppenheimer told Reuters later that the new business was "not necessarily" in the mining field, but declined to say on which sector it would focus.

The business would probably launch late in 2004 and might include partners in addition to the Oppenheimers -depending on the opportunities available, he added.

The business would not confine itself to Africa, but be "global" in nature, Oppenheimer said.

In August, Oppenheimer and his father Nicky sparked debate about South Africa's bid to boost black participation in the economy with their Brenthurst Initiative - named after the family estate.

The initiative aims to provide a framework to enable transformation and economic growth to go hand in hand by giving tax incentives to business to boost black involvement in an economy still largely in the hands of the white minority.

http://www.namibian.com.na/2003/october/marketplace/032A3A1F6.html

-----------------

... and 25 years earlier:

Harry Oppenheimer : The King of Diamonds

Entry dated: December 4, 1978
Johannesburg, South Africa

If one man can be said to control the world's diamonds it is Harry Frederick Oppenheimer.

Sitting across the desk from Oppenheimer, however, it is hard to imagine that this small, shy man dominated a multi-billion-dollar empire. He spoke quietly, but with great precision. He had a distinct Oxford accent, and as he explained an issue he tended to punctuate his answers with a self-effacing, smile. He was far more candid in discussing his business than I would have expected someone in this position to be, and I assumed that this disarming openness proceeded from his confidence in his control over his immediate universe. His interlocking businesses did after all account for over half of the industrial exports of southern Africa. The heart of this complex is located at 44 Main Street in the heart of Johannesburg'. The block-long building, with its imposing neocolonial facade and marble entranceway, looked much more like a government institution than the headquarters of the mining company. As it turned out, it housed in its offices far more power than most government buildings. Indeed, Oppenheimer even had a private treaty with the Soviet Union, although the terms have never been publicly revealed.

I had come to South Africa to write a book on the diamond business. Oppenheimer's father, Ernest Oppenheimer, had developed the monopoly, De Beers, that runs it. Oppenheimer explained that it was no secret that De Beers acquired through subsidiaries all the uncut diamonds that the Soviet Union wanted to sell on the open market. "We have of course no reason for concealing this arrangement other than the Russians prefer not to receive any public attention for obvious reasons," he said almost apologetically. The "obvious reasons" for obscuring the arrangement with De Beers were that the Soviet Union had for some fifteen years called for a total boycott of South Africa and South African businesses, and its dealings with De Beers, if made public, might prove embarrassing.

But how long could such an unholy alliance last? The Soviet Union apparently had ambitions of its own in southern Africa, and at some point geopolitical considerations might take precedence over business considerations. I asked how he could be sure that the Soviets would renew the deal.

"We paid the Soviet Union more than half a billion dollars last year," he answered. "This is not a sum it can easily replace, and I can see no conceivable reason why it would want to abandon such a profitable arrangement." His logic was brutally direct: De Beers provided the Soviet Union with its single largest source of hard currency (only petroleum was a more important export for Soviet trade in 1977)If the Soviet Union withdrew its diamonds from De Beers, it would have to find other outlets to sell its uncut diamonds. And if it precariously dumped these diamonds on the market, the price would collapse, and the Soviet Union would lose an important source of foreign exchange. "What could the Russians possibly gain by competing with us?" he asked rhetorically.

He further pointed out that De Beers provided the Soviets with certain types of industrial diamonds that were important for drilling and producing electronic wiring. Its Siberian mines apparently did not produce these strategically important diamonds. By selling gem stones to De Beers, the Soviet Union received the credits for importing the industrial diamonds it needed.

The Soviet Union also had considerable influence in other diamond producing areas in Black Africa, such as Angola. I wondered if the logic of the arrangement between De Beers and the Soviets required the Soviets to use their power in those countries to help De Beers retain its control over diamond mines there. "You will have to address that question to the Africans concerned," he replied abruptly. The tone in his voice made it clear that there were aspects to the Soviet arrangement that he decidedly did not want to discuss.

Oppenheimer was concerned with the possibility of the United Nations imposing economic sanctions against South Africa, since his empire exported billions of dollars worth of South African commodities. He did not believe, however, that they could affect the diamond trade. "I can think of no commodity less susceptible to dangers from UN sanctions than diamonds," he said. He was stating the obvious: diamonds were after all one of the most convenient commodities to transport across borders. For example, an entire month of production of diamonds from the Namibian mines, worth $40 million, could be smuggled out of Namibia in an attache case.

Oppenheimer also gave little credence to the fear that De Beers might be running out of quality diamonds. He pointed out that De Beers was developing vast new mines in the Botswana desert, which he planned to visit the next day. These Botswana mines would provide the world with an ample supply of diamonds well into the 1990s.

Oppenheimer insisted that the black-white confrontation in Africa would not present a problem for De Beers. He termed the arrangement between De Beers and Black African nations "Mutually advantageous." He further suggested that it might be useful for me to inspect at first hand some of De Beers' mining operations in independent nations to more fully understand how the "arrangement" works. He offered to provide me air transportation and access to the mines in Botswana, Lesotho and other independent nations.

I accepted his offer.

http://edwardjayepstein.com/diary/opp.htm

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